Embedded Files
Nonviolent Direct Action is one or more strategically planned tactics that usually work outside of traditional channels to accomplish a specific social change goal. The action nonviolently pressures those who have the power to make the demanded changes.
Nonviolent Direct Action is one or more strategically planned tactics that usually work outside of traditional channels to accomplish a specific social change goal. The action nonviolently pressures those who have the power to make the demanded changes.
Direct Action goals need to be realistic and achievable.
Direct Action goals need to be realistic and achievable.
Recent Nonviolent Direct Action Campaigns
Recent Nonviolent Direct Action Campaigns
Direct Action Campaign against Russian Invasion of Ukraine by a Russian feminist anti-war group.
Direct Action Campaign against Russian Invasion of Ukraine by a Russian feminist anti-war group.
On April 13, 2022, Rachel Maddow featured an impressive Direct Action campaign that changed the descriptions on products in a Russian grocery store. The new authentically matched price tags read:
On April 13, 2022, Rachel Maddow featured an impressive Direct Action campaign that changed the descriptions on products in a Russian grocery store. The new authentically matched price tags read:
> "The Russian army has bombed an art school in Mariupol. Around 400 people were hiding in it."
> "The Russian army has bombed an art school in Mariupol. Around 400 people were hiding in it."
>"People I know are hiding from Russian bombings in the Metro. Zero of them are Nazis. Stop the war."
>"People I know are hiding from Russian bombings in the Metro. Zero of them are Nazis. Stop the war."
>"Stop the war! In the first three days, 4300 Russian soldiers died. Why is this not being talked about on TV?"
>"Stop the war! In the first three days, 4300 Russian soldiers died. Why is this not being talked about on TV?"
>"Russian war forces have destroyed 80% of the city of Mariupol. What for?"
>"Russian war forces have destroyed 80% of the city of Mariupol. What for?"
Black Voters Matter is one of the organizations working to end Voter Suppression and to pass the Freedom to Vote Act.
Black Voters Matter is one of the organizations working to end Voter Suppression and to pass the Freedom to Vote Act.
LaTosha Brown, co-founder of Black Voters Matter
LaTosha Brown, co-founder of Black Voters Matter
Street Art Makes a Bold Statement
and Creates Solidarity in the Community.
Street Art Makes a Bold Statement
and Creates Solidarity in the Community.
Training for Change is a training and capacity building organization for activists and organizers.
Training for Change is a training and capacity building organization for activists and organizers.
They provide training and group facilitation for thousands of people in North America and internationally each year for movement building for social justice.
They provide training and group facilitation for thousands of people in North America and internationally each year for movement building for social justice.
Since 1992, they’ve supported groups taking direct action, building strong teams and organizations, offering facilitation training and de-escalation skills.
Since 1992, they’ve supported groups taking direct action, building strong teams and organizations, offering facilitation training and de-escalation skills.
Do you have an Affinity Group?
Do you have an Affinity Group?
Do you want one? If so you can create one.
Do you want one? If so you can create one.
In February 2025 Choose Democracy's newsletter stated, "Part of this phase is collecting people around you to help you ready yourself for more resistance in the times ahead."
In February 2025 Choose Democracy's newsletter stated, "Part of this phase is collecting people around you to help you ready yourself for more resistance in the times ahead."
The Seeds for Change website explains, "An affinity group is a small group of people who come together to prepare for and take direct action. They make decisions together and support each other during and after action. Sometimes these groups are formed just for one action, but often they are ongoing groups that organize and take part in actions over a number of years."
The Seeds for Change website explains, "An affinity group is a small group of people who come together to prepare for and take direct action. They make decisions together and support each other during and after action. Sometimes these groups are formed just for one action, but often they are ongoing groups that organize and take part in actions over a number of years."
Creative Nonviolent Direct Action - April 8, 2021
Creative Nonviolent Direct Action - April 8, 2021
Thousands of Rose Petals in the Texas State Capitol
Thousands of Rose Petals in the Texas State Capitol
Texas Youth Protest Voter Suppression
Texas Youth Protest Voter Suppression
Youth activists spread 270,000 rose petals in the Texas Capitol in response to state legislature bills to restrict voting. Each petal symbolized the voices of young Latino & Black Texans who become eligible to vote each year.
Youth activists spread 270,000 rose petals in the Texas Capitol in response to state legislature bills to restrict voting. Each petal symbolized the voices of young Latino & Black Texans who become eligible to vote each year.
The protest was organized by Jolt Action, a non-profit that works to increase the civic participation of Latinos in Texas, and NextGen America, an organization that aims to build the grassroots power of young voters in key states and districts to elect pro-climate Democrats.
The protest was organized by Jolt Action, a non-profit that works to increase the civic participation of Latinos in Texas, and NextGen America, an organization that aims to build the grassroots power of young voters in key states and districts to elect pro-climate Democrats.
Methods of Nonviolent Action
Methods of Nonviolent Action
There are a multitude of specific methods of nonviolent action. Nearly two hundred have been identified to date, and without doubt, scores more already exist or will emerge in future conflicts.
There are a multitude of specific methods of nonviolent action. Nearly two hundred have been identified to date, and without doubt, scores more already exist or will emerge in future conflicts.
Three broad classes of nonviolent methods exist:
Three broad classes of nonviolent methods exist:
1. Nonviolent Protest and Persuasion
1. Nonviolent Protest and Persuasion
2. Noncooperation
2. Noncooperation
3. Nonviolent Intervention
3. Nonviolent Intervention
Including these and many others:
Including these and many others:
> Banner Hanging
> Banner Hanging
> Advanced Leafleting
> Advanced Leafleting
> Artistic Vigil
> Artistic Vigil
> Civil Disobedience
> Civil Disobedience
> Creative Lobbying
> Creative Lobbying
of our Nonviolence & De-Escalation Handbook and Peacekeepers Manual
of our Nonviolence & De-Escalation Handbook and Peacekeepers Manual
Applications of Nonviolence
Applications of Nonviolence
NATIONALLY Use Nonviolent Direct Action to:
NATIONALLY Use Nonviolent Direct Action to:
• Block a coup d’état
• Block a coup d’état
• Dismantle a dictatorship
• Dismantle a dictatorship
• Defend against foreign invasions or expel foreign occupation
• Defend against foreign invasions or expel foreign occupation
• Provide alternatives to violence in ethnic conflicts
• Provide alternatives to violence in ethnic conflicts
• Challenge unjust social and economic systems
• Challenge unjust social and economic systems
• Develop, and preserve democratic practices
• Develop, and preserve democratic practices
• Preserve human rights and civil liberties
• Preserve human rights and civil liberties
LOCALLY Use Nonviolent Direct Action to:
LOCALLY Use Nonviolent Direct Action to:
• Run a campaign to learn if local candidates are committed to anti-racism
• Run a campaign to learn if local candidates are committed to anti-racism
• Promote inclusion & diversity in your town
• Promote inclusion & diversity in your town
• Ask for transparency in local government
• Ask for transparency in local government
• Demand law enforcement accountability
• Demand law enforcement accountability
• Run an information campaign for residents about new law enforcement models
• Run an information campaign for residents about new law enforcement models
• Engage with city government about considering new law enforcement models
• Engage with city government about considering new law enforcement models
• Raise awareness and teach nonviolence
• Raise awareness and teach nonviolence
• Challenge unjust local laws and practices
• Challenge unjust local laws and practices
• Preserve human rights and civil liberties
• Preserve human rights and civil liberties
Examples of Nonviolent Direct Action
Examples of Nonviolent Direct Action
STRIKES
STRIKES
Two female tailors on strike in New York City in 1910
Two female tailors on strike in New York City in 1910
MAKING a BOLD PUBLIC STATEMENT
MAKING a BOLD PUBLIC STATEMENT
A few famous faces make a statement in 2020
A few famous faces make a statement in 2020
Nonviolent Direct Action Campaigns - Earth Quaker Action Team
Nonviolent Direct Action Campaigns - Earth Quaker Action Team
In 2009, a small group of Quakers from Philadelphia decided to do something about climate change. The Earth Quaker Action Team, was born and took on one of the largest banks in the country.
In 2009, a small group of Quakers from Philadelphia decided to do something about climate change. The Earth Quaker Action Team, was born and took on one of the largest banks in the country.
With a well-crated strategic campaign carried out over 5 years with 125 actions, they were successful - PNC Bank changed its policy and reduced its financing of mountaintop removal.
With a well-crated strategic campaign carried out over 5 years with 125 actions, they were successful - PNC Bank changed its policy and reduced its financing of mountaintop removal.
The activist group continues its work to this day.
The activist group continues its work to this day.
Direct Action Campaigns - The Sunrise Movement
Direct Action Campaigns - The Sunrise Movement
The Sunrise Movement is an excellent model of Nonviolent Direct Action.
The Sunrise Movement is an excellent model of Nonviolent Direct Action.
PERSISTANT REQUESTS of PUBLIC OFFICIALS
PERSISTANT REQUESTS of PUBLIC OFFICIALS
New Yorker article about The Sunrise Movement -Dec. 2018
New Yorker article about The Sunrise Movement -Dec. 2018
On Inauguration Day 2021 the Sunrise Movement Tweeted about the launch of their "Decade of Green New Deal" Direct Action Campaign
On Inauguration Day 2021 the Sunrise Movement Tweeted about the launch of their "Decade of Green New Deal" Direct Action Campaign
The Sunrise Movement’s principles include:
The Sunrise Movement’s principles include:
“We are nonviolent in word and deed.”
“We are nonviolent in word and deed.”
“We are Americans from all walks of life.”
“We are Americans from all walks of life.”
“We shine bright.” The dominant culture is cheerfulness."
“We shine bright.” The dominant culture is cheerfulness."
In advance of Joe Biden taking office, the Sunrise Movement met with Senator Chuck Schumer on January 16, 2021, knowing he would become Senate Majority Leader on January 20th.
In advance of Joe Biden taking office, the Sunrise Movement met with Senator Chuck Schumer on January 16, 2021, knowing he would become Senate Majority Leader on January 20th.
As part of the Sunrise Movement's Direct Action strategy, they planned ahead in order to get media coverage on Biden's first day in office.
As part of the Sunrise Movement's Direct Action strategy, they planned ahead in order to get media coverage on Biden's first day in office.
Creative Arts Direct Action Projects
Creative Arts Direct Action Projects
Street Art
Street Art
David Solnit posted on Facebook October 29, 2020
David Solnit posted on Facebook October 29, 2020
Oakland, CA--Yesterday people came together, took over a block of 14th St in front of the Fedral Building and painted a 300 foot street mural with nontoxic clay and tempera paints. 12 community groups painted the 12 circle murals and Edward D Willie created the basket design in white. The event was organized by Eastpoint Peace Academy, Bay Resistance and the Climate Justice Street Mural Project.
Oakland, CA--Yesterday people came together, took over a block of 14th St in front of the Fedral Building and painted a 300 foot street mural with nontoxic clay and tempera paints. 12 community groups painted the 12 circle murals and Edward D Willie created the basket design in white. The event was organized by Eastpoint Peace Academy, Bay Resistance and the Climate Justice Street Mural Project.
TIPS FOR PAINTING GUERRILLA STREET MURALS:
TIPS FOR PAINTING GUERRILLA STREET MURALS:
https://docs.google.com/.../1c.../edit
CHALK ART FOR ACTIVISM TOOLKIT from Chalk Riot:
CHALK ART FOR ACTIVISM TOOLKIT from Chalk Riot:
https://drive.google.com/.../1ABI7Z9xkz091f0.../view...
Photo by Jane Tyska/Bay Area News Group
Art of Black Lives Matter
Art of Black Lives Matter
Over 2014 artists and cultural workers in Ferguson and around the country responded to the shooting death of Michael Brown in a stunning diversity of ways.
Over 2014 artists and cultural workers in Ferguson and around the country responded to the shooting death of Michael Brown in a stunning diversity of ways.
Creative Action
Creative Action
The Strike Down Coal Campaign provided a COVID-safe form of disobedience, building on more than a year of direct actions to shut down Merrimack Station.
The Strike Down Coal Campaign provided a COVID-safe form of disobedience, building on more than a year of direct actions to shut down Merrimack Station.
"Climate activists like Johnny Sanchez and Sonja Birthisel in Portland, Maine, recently sent their utility company an envelope of coal instead of payment towards their electric bill.
"Climate activists like Johnny Sanchez and Sonja Birthisel in Portland, Maine, recently sent their utility company an envelope of coal instead of payment towards their electric bill.
This symbolic act of defiance, organized by the No Coal No Gas coalition, is part of a broad New England consumer strike against utility payments to protest the continued burning of coal."
This symbolic act of defiance, organized by the No Coal No Gas coalition, is part of a broad New England consumer strike against utility payments to protest the continued burning of coal."
Dancing in the Streets
Dancing in the Streets
"This didn’t happen by accident. For the past couple months, groups like Hold the Line, Protect the Results and Choose Democracy have prepared thousands of people to defend the election. Thanks to all the Zoom trainings, action pledges and local coordinating hubs, the strategic importance of celebrating Biden’s lead in the polls last week was clear, particularly once Trump launched his first accusations of fraud on Wednesday morning. "
"This didn’t happen by accident. For the past couple months, groups like Hold the Line, Protect the Results and Choose Democracy have prepared thousands of people to defend the election. Thanks to all the Zoom trainings, action pledges and local coordinating hubs, the strategic importance of celebrating Biden’s lead in the polls last week was clear, particularly once Trump launched his first accusations of fraud on Wednesday morning. "
Lessons from the Women's Suffrage Movement
Lessons from the Women's Suffrage Movement
She Persisted for Four Decades...
She Persisted for Four Decades...
Black and white activists hastened their victories by using a nonviolent direct action campaign —
Black and white activists hastened their victories by using a nonviolent direct action campaign —
the women in Washington, D.C. and the civil rights movement in Alabama with the march from Selma to Montgomery."
the women in Washington, D.C. and the civil rights movement in Alabama with the march from Selma to Montgomery."
The women’s struggle began in 1848, when a conference in Seneca Falls, New York, declared — holding its collective breath — that women should have suffrage. No one there could know it would take 72 years to win even a partial victory.
The women’s struggle began in 1848, when a conference in Seneca Falls, New York, declared — holding its collective breath — that women should have suffrage. No one there could know it would take 72 years to win even a partial victory.
Nonviolent Discipline is necessary for effective Direct Action
Nonviolent Discipline is necessary for effective Direct Action
Nonviolence Training is recommended but you can start with the resources available on our Nonviolence & De-Escalation page.
Nonviolence Training is recommended but you can start with the resources available on our Nonviolence & De-Escalation page.
To learn and maintain Nonviolent Discipline, it's a good idea to improve your relational skills. These essays can help:
To learn and maintain Nonviolent Discipline, it's a good idea to improve your relational skills. These essays can help:
Direct Action Teams
Direct Action Teams
Small teams work together to develop Direct Action Campaigns.
Small teams work together to develop Direct Action Campaigns.
The team designs a strategic plan and identifies the specific tactics needed to carry it out. Team members take on different roles and work on the tactics and tasks that are most suited for them.
The team designs a strategic plan and identifies the specific tactics needed to carry it out. Team members take on different roles and work on the tactics and tasks that are most suited for them.
Direct Action Campaigns can be designed, developed and implemented by one individual, by a team or a combination.
Direct Action Campaigns can be designed, developed and implemented by one individual, by a team or a combination.
The Secret Sauce of Resistance is Persistence...
The Secret Sauce of Resistance is Persistence...
especially for Direct Action Campaigns with some that require years of commitment.
especially for Direct Action Campaigns with some that require years of commitment.
Principles of Nonviolent Action
Principles of Nonviolent Action
It's essential that Direct Action Team members agree to the Principles below.
It's essential that Direct Action Team members agree to the Principles below.
These principles form the basis of a nonviolent campaign. Developed by the authors of Holding the Line who say these principles "provide a basis for unity, trust, decision making, and action in groups. Make sure each person commits to the Principles. If someone is adamant they can’t commit to the Principles, don’t spend time convincing - simply thank them for their time and let them know the group isn’t for them."
These principles form the basis of a nonviolent campaign. Developed by the authors of Holding the Line who say these principles "provide a basis for unity, trust, decision making, and action in groups. Make sure each person commits to the Principles. If someone is adamant they can’t commit to the Principles, don’t spend time convincing - simply thank them for their time and let them know the group isn’t for them."
These are the guidelines of our efforts, which we all commit to uphold. By committing to these principles, we ensure our efforts can be unified and disciplined, pushing towards a common goal while giving us the freedom to decide what is best for our own local groups:
These are the guidelines of our efforts, which we all commit to uphold. By committing to these principles, we ensure our efforts can be unified and disciplined, pushing towards a common goal while giving us the freedom to decide what is best for our own local groups:
1. We commit to defend the people’s right to vote without interference or intimidation, and to have their vote counted and respected in this election.
1. We commit to defend the people’s right to vote without interference or intimidation, and to have their vote counted and respected in this election.
2. We work together and remain united.
2. We work together and remain united.
As a nation, we have many differences, diverse perspectives, lifestyles, and backgrounds. But when democracy itself is at stake, we come together. We don’t need to agree on every other policy issue in order to support each other in
As a nation, we have many differences, diverse perspectives, lifestyles, and backgrounds. But when democracy itself is at stake, we come together. We don’t need to agree on every other policy issue in order to support each other in
defending the fundamental importance of free and fair elections. Time is short and our focus right now is on protecting democracy—knowing that without this, ALL of us will have a harder time advocating for the changes we want in the future.
defending the fundamental importance of free and fair elections. Time is short and our focus right now is on protecting democracy—knowing that without this, ALL of us will have a harder time advocating for the changes we want in the future.
3. We treat others with respect.
3. We treat others with respect.
When disagreements arise in our teams, we treat each other with respect. When we encounter people in public who we disagree with or who oppose us, we will respect their basic human dignity and rights, even if they seek to deny us ours.
When disagreements arise in our teams, we treat each other with respect. When we encounter people in public who we disagree with or who oppose us, we will respect their basic human dignity and rights, even if they seek to deny us ours.
4. We commit to nonviolent means of change.
4. We commit to nonviolent means of change.
We believe nonviolent means are the most powerful choice for election protection efforts for four reasons:
We believe nonviolent means are the most powerful choice for election protection efforts for four reasons:
1) Nonviolent means allow us to win the hearts of the public, and have proven effective before at critical points in US history.
1) Nonviolent means allow us to win the hearts of the public, and have proven effective before at critical points in US history.
2) Nonviolent means enable people from all walks of life to participate in a wide range of actions that exert powerful social, political, and economic pressure.
2) Nonviolent means enable people from all walks of life to participate in a wide range of actions that exert powerful social, political, and economic pressure.
3) Violence of any kind, as well as property destruction, in the name of defending democracy will mobilize people who oppose us and increase the willingness of government agents to obey repressive orders. This makes them less likely to question the Constitutionality of the orders they receive.
3) Violence of any kind, as well as property destruction, in the name of defending democracy will mobilize people who oppose us and increase the willingness of government agents to obey repressive orders. This makes them less likely to question the Constitutionality of the orders they receive.
4) Trump is likely going to try to use the excuse of "imposing law and order" to crack down and stay in power. Doing this against large numbers of nonviolent people with legitimate grievances and goals is likely to backfire against him, as well as lead to defections in his government and among his other allies.
4) Trump is likely going to try to use the excuse of "imposing law and order" to crack down and stay in power. Doing this against large numbers of nonviolent people with legitimate grievances and goals is likely to backfire against him, as well as lead to defections in his government and among his other allies.
We want to be clear that by committing to nonviolent means of change, we are not making a moral judgment about people who feel they have a right to be violent in certain circumstances. We are making a commitment to a strategic choice that will be most effective in defending democracy, and to preserving our country thereafter.
We want to be clear that by committing to nonviolent means of change, we are not making a moral judgment about people who feel they have a right to be violent in certain circumstances. We are making a commitment to a strategic choice that will be most effective in defending democracy, and to preserving our country thereafter.
5. We believe there is power in openly taking a stand.
5. We believe there is power in openly taking a stand.
The Lines we want to hold are consistent with the words of the Constitution and core democratic principles. There is power in publicly taking a stand to protect them, which also invites others to do the same. As such, Hold the Line teams believe in the power of openly taking a stand and we do not create an atmosphere of secrecy in order to function. At the same time, we also respect the rights of others who prefer to remain anonymous, or are more comfortable playing support roles that are not as public, and we value their contributions.
The Lines we want to hold are consistent with the words of the Constitution and core democratic principles. There is power in publicly taking a stand to protect them, which also invites others to do the same. As such, Hold the Line teams believe in the power of openly taking a stand and we do not create an atmosphere of secrecy in order to function. At the same time, we also respect the rights of others who prefer to remain anonymous, or are more comfortable playing support roles that are not as public, and we value their contributions.
6. We hold each other accountable to these principles.
6. We hold each other accountable to these principles.
If people we are organizing with do not uphold these principles, we point that out to them in a clear but respectful way. If they continue to violate these principles, we stop organizing with them. We do not have time to spend to bring them around to these principles. Time is short, and our efforts need to be put towards protecting democracy with the many people who can commit to these principles.
If people we are organizing with do not uphold these principles, we point that out to them in a clear but respectful way. If they continue to violate these principles, we stop organizing with them. We do not have time to spend to bring them around to these principles. Time is short, and our efforts need to be put towards protecting democracy with the many people who can commit to these principles.
Past Direct Action Campaigns
Past Direct Action Campaigns
"Count All Ballots" Direct Action Campaign
"Count All Ballots" Direct Action Campaign
Started weeks before Election Day in 2020 this Action prepared & helped us build alliances.
Started weeks before Election Day in 2020 this Action prepared & helped us build alliances.
Issue: Concern that Trump would declare himself the winner on election night no matter what
Issue: Concern that Trump would declare himself the winner on election night no matter what
We are equally concerned that TV and streaming media will air clips of him making that declaration, and will use the hype and controversy to increase their audience.
We are equally concerned that TV and streaming media will air clips of him making that declaration, and will use the hype and controversy to increase their audience.
We're concerned that news outlet social media pages will do the same and mention his declaration or retweet him.
We're concerned that news outlet social media pages will do the same and mention his declaration or retweet him.
Needless to say Trump's base will believe him and will retweet whatever he says. If media outlets give him a platform to declare himself the winner (we know some will), that may embed the idea in the minds of viewers. Even those who are not has base may believe it unless pundits aggressively and continually deny his claims.
Needless to say Trump's base will believe him and will retweet whatever he says. If media outlets give him a platform to declare himself the winner (we know some will), that may embed the idea in the minds of viewers. Even those who are not has base may believe it unless pundits aggressively and continually deny his claims.
We expect election day and election night to be filled with confusion and chaos instigated by the president's campaign and his supporters. Will his supporters show up at the polls to intimidate voters? Will they be armed? Will local law enforcement be prepared and able to protect voters? Will voters stay home once they hear of trouble at their polling place?
We expect election day and election night to be filled with confusion and chaos instigated by the president's campaign and his supporters. Will his supporters show up at the polls to intimidate voters? Will they be armed? Will local law enforcement be prepared and able to protect voters? Will voters stay home once they hear of trouble at their polling place?
What about foreign interference on election day? Will there be power outages in key counties? Will electronic voting machines break down or be hacked? What else?
What about foreign interference on election day? Will there be power outages in key counties? Will electronic voting machines break down or be hacked? What else?
(yes some voting machines can be hacked - machines aren't connected to the internet but the data collection system is).
(yes some voting machines can be hacked - machines aren't connected to the internet but the data collection system is).
As concerned residents, we wished to establish or strengthen good relationships with elected officials, media, and law enforcement in our community and inspire them to act preemptively. These alliances would be important if there was voter intimidation or election disruption.
As concerned residents, we wished to establish or strengthen good relationships with elected officials, media, and law enforcement in our community and inspire them to act preemptively. These alliances would be important if there was voter intimidation or election disruption.
Campaign Details:
Campaign Details:
The Plan was to ask Elected Officials, Candidates, Members of the Media, and Law Enforcement to commit to the following as a Pledge to Protect the 2020 Election:
The Plan was to ask Elected Officials, Candidates, Members of the Media, and Law Enforcement to commit to the following as a Pledge to Protect the 2020 Election:
From Elected Officials and Candidates:
From Elected Officials and Candidates:
o Commit to not accepting the election results until all ballots are counted.
o Commit to calling for an investigation of any incidents of suspected fraud, voter suppression, or other election irregularities.
o Commit to respecting the true election results.
From The Media:
From The Media:
o Commit to fair and accurate reporting.
o Commit to avoiding misinformation by verifying sources, even if that results in delayed reporting.
o Commit to not declaring a Presidential winner if there are still a significant number of uncounted ballots in other states.
From Law Enforcement:
From Law Enforcement:
o Commit to respect and protect the people of Massachusetts when they exercise their First Amendment right to protest.
o Commit to never use violence against nonviolent protesters.
o Commit to upholding the Constitution of the United States and to only follow orders from duly elected officials.
"Justice is the Goal. Equity is the Means." - C. G.
"Justice is the Goal. Equity is the Means." - C. G.
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